There are many fine types of pottery that came from various regions across Europe. The most common and popular, even today, being earthenware and porcelain potteries. Each comes with a rich history and an evolution of the pottery making processes. Anyone who loves or collects pottery understands the different between authentic and mass produced; exceptional artistry as opposed to commercial grade decoration. The industry seems to have come full circle, and what started as a cottage industry of individual expert potters turned to a time of mass production, and has once again returned to its roots, thankfully for all collectors.

Earthenware
Most commonly known to us as Majolica, earthenware pottery is a derivative of Chinese porcelain, and first appeared in Italy in the latter part of the 14th Century. History says that Italian Majolica pottery was inspired by the decorated luster wares from Spain, and introduced to Italy by the Majorcan sea traders.

Majolica, whether it was wheel thrown or mold pressed, was always fired once to achieve the brown body and then dipped into a glaze which created a surface that was suitable for painting and decorating. Once the decoration was applied, the piece was fired a second time to ensure the brilliant colors were permanently preserved. The application of metallic luster finishes was only done by very skilled artisans, since the colors required very special care.

Continental Porcelain
European potters who had long admired the porcelains being created in the Far East, tried diligently to imitate it but never really got it down pat. Then in 1709, potter Johann Bottger discovered how to make porcelain. The first European royal porcelain manufactory was consequently established at Meissen near Dresden, Germany. Throughout the century following the discovery of the porcelain formula, many new porcelain making factories popped up all over Europe including Germany, Austria, Italy, France, and England, all producing porcelain wares in the style of Meissen.

By the end of the 19th century, machinery and technology invaded the pottery making industries and the result was mass production; often resulting in substandard quality and design. It was not until the late 1930’s, that artists and master painters began to return to the work and the quality markedly improved. Many of these new age potters found inspiration through the advent of new materials and techniques, while others followed the lead of primitive forms of pottery such as Japanese and American Indian models.

Luckily, since the conclusion of World War 2, the design and decoration of pottery in Europe has been largely influenced once again by artisans. Commercial and consumer ware, such as table pottery that you see today truly reflects the styles and patterns developed by these 20th century innovative potters, whose work has often shown striking originality.